Chronic pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscles affects more than 10% of adults at any one time, and one-third of adults will experience symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) over their lifespan. Longitudinal data suggest that TMDs are a group of enduring or recurrent conditions that, for many patients, are resistant to […]

Serotonin regulates a wide variety of brain functions and behaviours. Serotonin (5-HT) was first identified in the 1940s and was initially thought to have its primary effect on vascular tone. Now serotonin is recognized as having an important role in several central nervous system processes and peripheral physiology, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. The vast […]